John Collins, http://www.learnnc.org/lp/multimedia/12364. All homes, barns, and other structures in the community of Guilford Courthouse and the surrounding area were used as makeshift hospitals for the hundreds of wounded soldiers. From a base of well-established meetings in the Albemarle region, Friends gradually spread into the counties south of the sound. Providing food, clothing, and health care for a family in the wilderness was no easy task and required the help of every hand at an early age. The widowed remarried quickly and often, some having three or four wives or husbands in their lifetimes. The Perquimans County Indian Summer Festival, the Spring Fling and Old-Timers Game, and the Hearth and Harvest Festival are cultural outings held in the region annually. These families came to be linked by intermarriage many times over. He was a Quaker and a Lord Proprietor, having purchased John Berkeleys share. But it was not disownment any more than migration which brought about the present condition. The Harvey and Grassy Points are hills within Perquimans. For personal use and not for further distribution. Following the Cary Rebellion of 1711, Friends were effectively excluded from colonial politics and thereafter seldom held office in the state until modern times. . At that time the law of 1715 was in force which provided that no Quaker or reputed Quaker shall by virtue of this act (that is of affirming instead of taking the oath) be qualified or permitted to give evidence in any criminal causes or to serve on any jury, or bear any office or place of profit or trust in the government. Now we have a list of jurymen in the various precincts for the year 1723, and while Pasquotank and Chowan have 156 and 142, respectively, Perquimans has only 54, and Perquimans was just as old a province as either of the other two. Many Quakers accepted this offer and moved west. The faithful records of the marriage certificates with the signatures of the witnesses, the chronicling of births and deaths, all give the genealogist a mine yielding rich returns. Weeks in chapters III and IV of "Southern Quakers and Slavery." The earliest existing records of a monthly meeting in Perquimans County begin with 1680. Elisha Parker, a Quaker, was the father of Clarkey Parker, who married Thomas Henby (my line). Pricklove was the first known purchaser of Indian lands in Albemarle and held a grant from Governor Berkeley of Virginia for a large tract on the Perquimans River near Durant, where the two men became life-long friends. Concerned with the question of slavery, they knew they could not operate their farms without slave help. The Weapemeoc as well as Perquimans Indians were early inhabitants of the county, followed by English and Welsh settlers. (Photo credit: Susan C. Griffin) Thank you! [March] 1708/9. A core belief of Quakerism is pacifism, which meant that Friends did not engage in violence. Some soldiers were infected with small pox, which spread to two of the caretakers, Richard Williams and Nathan Hunt. Friends Historical Collection, Guilford College. North Carolina Quakers are centered in Greensboro, where the denominations major institutions are located: the yearly meeting office, Guilford College, and Friends Homes, Inc., a nationally recognized retirement community. When a law was passed requiring officeholders to take an oath to serve the English crown, the Quakers, who believed oaths should be made only to God, met opposition and were prohibited from holding public office. At the college are the Quaker Center, which has an important role in interpreting the beliefs and practices of the denomination, and the Quaker Historical Collection, which is the archival repository for southern Friends. Nathanael Greene, who led the Americans in the Battle of Guilford Courthouse, was born in 1742 and raised in the Rhode Island Society of Friends. The regular minutes of the business meetings do not begin till later, and these are rather fragmentary as they were not properly collected till 1728. The first U.S. While the Quaker communities continued to grow in North Carolina and in Isle of Wight Co., Virginia, there remained a lingering unease over the tight control of the mother country affecting both the settler's religious and economic lives . Samuel Pricklove was one of the first residents of Perquimans Precinct, arriving even before settler George Durant, in 1662. [3] Perquimans County, North Carolina Record Dates[ edit | edit source] Quakerism did not begin the work of settlement, and of reclaiming the wilderness for civilization, but it has the greater honor of having brought some organized form of Christianity to the infant colony, and of having cared for those wandering sheep whom others neglected.. Hertford, Perquimans County, North Carolina, USA 399; 93%; 0%; Riddicks Grove Cemetery . [9] Despite these additional taxes, the Quakers stood by their pacifist beliefs when the Revolution began, since violent tactics were used from the very beginning. When the word spread that this was a place where people were able to worship in freedom and that the Virginia government had less influence in the region, the Quakers in southern Virginia came to Albemarle in increasing numbers. He and his wife left two sons, Samuel and John. Perquimans County Restoration Association, Inc. Quaker History Quaker History Although the Newbold-White House itself dates to ca. Perquimans County, located in the Coastal Plain region of North Carolina, was formed in 1679 and originally called Berkeley Precinct of Albemarle County; it was later renamed for the Perquimans Indians of the area.It is partially bordered by the Albemarle Sound. The agreement allowed Durant land between the Little River and Albemarle Sound, and the records still exist making them the oldest surviving land deeds in North Carolina. White gave land for the building of a school alongside the meeting house which was the first school built in North Carolina, and he taught in that school. Your contributions are greatly appreciated. and if no acknowledgement was made, he was disowned. Levi Coffin, from Coffin, Levi. After Berkeleys death in 1677, she married thirdly Phillip Ludwell, Governor of Charlestown, in south Carolina. The Chowan, Perquimans, Pasquotank, and Little Rivers were linked with the smaller streams making a veritable water highway throughout the area. They used no hymns or outward manifestations in their worship, keeping silent until a person felt moved by God to share a message. Fifty acres were offered to each man who would relocate there for the first year, twenty-five acres for a second year. The Wells meeting house stood not far from the present town of Winfall, just across the road from the Jessup homestead. Because they lived in primitive circumstances and close proximity to the Indians from whom they had bought their land, the Quakers took care to treat the Indians fairly and to learn their ways of survival off the land. The traitors imprisoned the governor, Thomas Miller, which led to the start of the rebellion. It was this migration which left the Quakers on their original site not a weak body, but shorn of much of its strength. Saunders most likely built the one-and-one-half-story brick dwelling that later came to be known as the Newbold-White House. Friends are on record as protesting the unrest generated by Culpepers Rebellion, and in 1680 nine Friends were imprisoned for refusing militia service. Leah married Joseph Smith. Although he was eventually released from the pirates, Sothel became an oppressive ruler, and in 1689 Sothel was arrested and sent away from Perquimans. Another point in which the Quakers figure largely in the early law annals of our State and in which the Quakers of Perquimans must have been prime movers, as it occurred in the years when they were the leaders of Quakerism in the State, is in regard to taking up arms. [6] Two years later, the Friends approved a monthly meeting at New Garden in order to save them the 30-mile horseback ride. Eligible applicants will receive a lump sum payment of $1,000 upon completion of onboarding. However, Turk pirates captured Sothel during his trip from England to the new Carolina colony. Their records show many points of interest and much which seems to us like an infringement of personal liberty and that the church was overstepping its bounds. We are glad to realize that they are again making themselves a part of civic life and doing their part politically, as well as socially, in the great civic awakening which is spreading over our country. Construction for a new Meeting House began in 1791, and in 1884 yet another Meeting House was built. Nov----, 1663. Both Pricklove and Durant took part in the Culpepper Rebellion of 1677 and assisted in leading the rabble to depose the Deputy Governor Thomas Miller. THE ENGLISH YEAR before and after 31 December 1751. 1886. North Carolina Yearly Meeting (Friends United Meeting) has grown to become one of the largest yearly meetings in the country. Cary was able to win support from the Quakers who influenced the rebellion from its inception to end. . Most of the politicians converted and became Quakers, and the first church in North Carolina was built shortly after. Following this belief, the New Garden Friends cared for 250 wounded British and American soldiers in the Meeting House and in individual homes. Stephens was born in Jamestown in 1629 and was the first governor of any colony to be born in America. Leah and Joseph Smith were the grandparents of Mary Smith, wife of William Hill. Thus the year 1751 began on 25 March 1751 and ended on 31 December 1751, which was immediately followed by 1 January 1752. While there was a steady conflict for governmental control in Albemarle between members of the established church and the Quaker faction, the Quakers dominated in early Pasquotank. 100a on North side of Perquimans River, between land of Ralph FLETCHER and Wm. New marriage partners often came from within the small circle of neighboring families. Hilty, New Garden Friends Meeting: The Christian People Called Quakers (1983). The following information was reproduced from The Quaker Library Guide 6. East Carolina University Digital Collections. The Religious Society of Friends - North Carolina Yearly Meeting of Friends. How were they affected? [3] [4]Quakers settled in the area before his arrival, whose informal meetings began on fallen trees in one of the many clearings. In 1769 a party is disowned for bankruptcy. A rather interesting episode occurs in the annals of this meeting. Culpepers widow, Sarah Mayo, daughter of Edward Mayo, again married in 1693 to Patrick Henley, the earliest Henley ancestor of the family that later became closely associated with the Hills. In Europe and in Scotland a different calendar (the Gregorian) had superseded the Julian calendar, with a year which did begin on 1 January. George and Edmundson Fox traveled to Carolinas during the 1670s and they established several churches in the state. There is a further difference (related to leap years) between the Julian and Gregorian calendars, which meant that by 1752 the Julian calendar was twelve days behind the Gregorian one. Because Quakers believe that every person possesses an inner divine light that guides them, they traditionally do not commit or support acts of violence. Nine Friends were fined and imprisoned in 1680 for refusing to bear arms. It is only in recent years, very recent years, that Friends have awakened to the fact that they may without being untrue to the tenets of their faith hold office. Quakers, or the Religious Society of Friends, are the oldest organized Christian church in North Carolina. 7 He and his wife left two sons, Samuel and John. Quakers organized manumission and African colonization societies and gradually began to advocate abolition of slavery. Quaker Graveyard at Little River - Perquimans County, North Carolina. Abundance of water also aided the farmers with their crops and for their homes. In Albemarle life spans were short. After the Battle of Guilford Courthouse, there were hundreds of wounded American and British soldiers. William Drummond, one of those present at that meeting, had been appointed the first Governor of Albemarle in 1664 by Gov. 1732 may appear as 8 11 mo. When Stephens died in1669, she married Governor William Berkeley. Nathanael Greene was accused of conspiring against the Crown. Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, the reputed president of the Underground Railroad Cincinnati: Robert Clark & Co. https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/coffin/frontis1.html. Marrying out, that is, marrying some one not in membership with the Friends, was a disownable offense; and it was thus that the Quakers lost many members. Jessop & Robt. Joseph Blount Cheshire in the North Carolina Booklet of April, 1906, page 261: Quakerism was the only organized form of religion in the colony, with no rival worship among the people for the rest of the seventeenth century (1672). In the stages of the countys early history a political dispute led to Culpepers Rebellion in 1677. He became interested in revolutionary efforts as a young man when he circulated petitions against raised taxes and imposed boycotts against British goods. [June] 1731. Marriage occurred at a young age for girls in particular. It also involves the beginning of all North Carolina church history; for, so far as known, the first religious gathering in the State was a Quaker meeting. They refused to take an oath of any kind, as they owed their allegiance only to God. During the Civil War North Carolina Friends were persecuted by Confederate authorities for their radical views on slavery as well as their refusal to support the war effort. the doings of its members. The land configurations of Albemarle made the area attractive and accessible. But more than all, it shows us the beginnings of a long struggle between church and state, and the beginning of a protest on the part of the Quakers which has eventually resulted in the existence of many of the civil and religious privileges. From an 1887 conference in Richmond, Ind., emerged both a uniform discipline and eventually the Friends United Meeting, first called the Five Years Meeting. Several rivers, creeks, and knolls lie within Perquimans; the Albemarle Sound along with the Perquimans, Little, and Yeopim Rivers and the Godwin and Sutton Creeks are the notable tributaries of the region. In early 1678, a new council was elected, and Durant and Gillam became advocates to the English proprietors along with Seth Sothel, who became acting governor of the Albemarle County. In these places the year officially began on 25 March. This institution now enrolls about one hundred and thirty pupils per year who are here prepared for any of the leading colleges of our State. Many users of Quaker records find that the way in which Quakers dated letters, minutes and other documents, particularly before 1752, poses problems. This phone number extension will direct your call to the Visitor Center where you can speak with a Park Ranger or Volunteer. Some of Albemarles residents had been active in the Virginia revolt, and they returned to Albemarle to continue stirring up discontent there. Perquimans Precinct ("Precinct" was the old term for the territorial unit now called a "county") was established about 1668, in the heart of the first permanently settled area in North Carolina. Wilson, this sixth day of he fourth month 1728." When unrest in Albemarle broke out in Culpepers Rebellion, in 1677, Thomas Miller, an apothecary from Pasquotank, was serving as Deputy Governor in place of Thomas Eastchurch. The oldest record preserved by the Quakers of North Caroline is a marriage certificate of Christopher Nicholson and Ann Attwood, both of Perquimans, and dating 1682, which it will be noted, is just ten years after the visits of Edmundson and Fox. He was married to Frances Culpeper, the sister of Lord John Culpeper. The Quaker dissenters in England had been prohibited from attending the public schools there, leading the Friends to establish their own schools to provide their young people with the education and religious precepts of their faith. The men loathed the lack of religion and civility among the people they encountered at Hertford, and Edmundson later retraced his steps through Perquimans and met with the governor and other officials in the region. Quakerism in Perquimans has long been on the wane. In the early morning on March 15, 1781, Tarleton led an advance party of British forces and were met by Lee on what is now New Garden Road. Your effort, time and hard work continue to make this a wonderful place for researching the families of Perquimans County. Presently there is extensive cooperation among all major branches of the Society of Friendsthe Friends United Meeting, the Conservative, Evangelical Friends Alliance, and the Friends General Conference. As to what part of the population the Quakers were, there is no means of determining; but this fact is assured, that prior to 1700 the Quakers had things much their own way in church and state and that this golden age of North Carolina Quakerism culminated in the appointment of a Quaker governor, John Archdale, who, though giving his time and energy to South Carolina, left an impress and gained much prestige and recognition for his co-religionists in North Carolina. Colonists burned the ship, and the Crown called for an investigation of the conspirators. Clerk Superior Court has probate and court records. The first organization of Friends in Perquimans County was known as Perquimans Monthly Meeting. Identifier. Perquimans, meaning " land of beautiful women ," was named by its earliest inhabitants, the Yeopim Indians, a branch of the family of Algonquians. Weeks in chapters III andIVof "Southern Quakers Slavery." The earliest existing records of a monthly meeting in . Then the Quakers of Perquimans shared their power and a new quarterly meeting was established in the section near where Guilford College now stands, which by way of distinction was called Western Quarter. 2022 NCGenWeb and all content contributors. The earliest religious meetings in Albemarle were held in the homes of their leaders. They were soon joined by other Quakers from the New England colonies who had heard that new Quaker settlements were being started in the south. 1825), the Thomas Nixon Plantation (1848), and the Piney Woods Friends Meetinghouse (1854) are distinguishable nineteenth century houses in the county. To write of the Quakers of Perquimans County involves almost the complete history of the Friends Church in North Carolina for the first seventy-five years of its existence. By the mid-eighteenth century, the backcountry was growing rapidly because of a large influx of settlers from Pennsylvania and Virginia, some of whom were Quakers who formed meetings for worship in the Cane Creek valley and to the west in modern Guilford County. As a young man White had attended school in Isle of Wight County, where his father made a living as a cooper and served as Justice of the Peace. That the Quakers were for a long time the only organized body of Dissenters must necessitate crediting them with trying to stem in its beginning the current which was about to sweep from us religious tolerance and individual liberty. The Meeting House where Friends cared for many of the wounded soldiers burned in 1784. The name Newbold-White derived from its last two private owners, Jim Woodward White and John Henry Newbold. [5] Beals brought the name New Garden to the community from Pennsylvania, where a community was named after Newgarden in County Carlow, Ireland. A high priority was placed on having the best teachers and schools possible in order to preserve their sect. With the special privilege granted the Quaker in regard to the marriage rite, it is matter of much pride to the church that it exercised so much care in this regard. Friends (this term is far preferable to Quaker, though the latter has no longer the opprobrium of its origin) until very recent years included in their church organization four distinct assemblies, viz: the Preparative, the Monthly, the Quarterly, and the Yearly Meeting. [31] In 1888 the school officially became Guilford College, which now serves Quaker and non-Quaker students from all over the state, country, and world. [December] 1740, From The Hill Family of Chowan County North Carolina. [April] 1731, 12 x [December] 1740 or 12 10 mo. The Quakers belief that every human contained the inner light of God allowed the Friends to put aside any personal grievances and help those in need. By 1751 Cane Creek Monthly Meeting was established, followed in 1754 by New Garden. Often these are double-dated: 12 1 mo. Download the official NPS app before your next visit. To write of the Quakers of Perquimans County involves almost the complete history of the Friends' Church in North Carolina for the first seventy-five years of its existence. Mrs. Drummond and the children were put out of their home and were left wandering in the swamps near starvation. Description: Nestled amidst rivers and streams in northeastern North Carolina, Perquimans County is at the heart of the historic Albemarle region. More citation information can be found at https://libguides.ecu.edu/citation. All of the Friends meetings, that is, all of the places in which church services have been held in Perquimans County, aside from the private houses first used, are as follows: Perquimans, Wells, Suttons Creek, Old Neck, Little River, Boice's, Beech Spring, Piney Woods and Up River. [March] 1734/5, but may be 8 1 mo. The Lord Proprietors next named Samuel Stephens as Governor of Albemarle. 336 288-1776 The water, however, was perfectly clear, tasted by no means unpleasant, and was quite wholesome. The first settlers to present-day Perquimans County were Nathaniel Batts, John Harvey, and George Durant. The problem for the modern reader is remembering that the year did not begin on 1 January until 1752, so that until 1752 February was Twelfth Month and March First Month for Quakers. Copyright 2006 by the University of North Carolina Press. We support the research and teaching mission of East Carolina University Test: Wm. The records of Nansemond Co Va show that William Newby was a resident of said county 13, 10mo 1684, being at that date a member of "Chuckatuck" Mo Meeting, where he is found as a witness to a marriage, with wife Izabell. January and February present some complications. 1880. Cemeteries in Perquimans County, north carolina. In the next generation these were skills that enabled the young men to lead their people into newer untouched lands to the west. If you are doing an assignment, ask your professor which style to use. THE FAMILY BIBLE OF PERQUIMANS CO. As prepared from County records, Berkeley Parish Register, Quaker records, both in North Carolina, and Virginia, County records, and other records of other Counties in North Carolina, Marriage bonds in Perquimans, and Chowan, also some in Pasquotank and Gates Co, where they were pertinent to Perquimans. Like a bow wave pushing forward in front of a boat, competing religious denominations moved through 18 th century North Carolina staying just ahead of the King's reach. This phone number extension will direct your call to the Visitor Center where you can speak with a Park Ranger or Volunteer. Among the immigrants was Joseph Scott, who in 1684 acquired property in a Quaker community near the Perquimans River. Filled with the perils of virgin forests, native Indians, wild animals, insects, snakes, and reptiles, this area south of the Great Dismal Swamp was also more isolated from the English authorities. (For a fuller account, see C.R.Cheney, ed., Handbook of dates for students of English history, Royal Historical Society, 1948.). In these places the year officially began on 25 March (Lady Day) and ended on the following 24 March. QUAKERS IN THE ALBEMARLE AFTER 1672 by Mrs. Watson Winslow. The Royal Colony of North Carolina - The Quaker Settlers In 1681, when the Society of Friends ( ) leader William Penn (1644-1718) parlayed a debt owed by King Charles II to his father into a charter for the province of Pennsylvania, many more Quakers were prepared to grasp the opportunity to live in a land where they might worship freely. 1866 Freedmen's Bureau record regarding 75 unnamed Randolph County Quakers abandoning their homes and fleeing to Indiana, the "more quiet west," with at least 125 more to follow. Indeed, it has always been a care of the Quakers to keep their outward affairs in proper condition, and in the early days of the Perquimans records, where boundary lines were not marked with sufficient definiteness, one of the principal matters of church record is the settlement by the church of such differences as may arise in regard to land tenure. Incentives were offered to any settler who would relocate to that area to defend and protect the development of the area. In the frontier communities the safety and welfare of the people depended on the cooperation of all and a commitment to the good of the community. Perquimans County, NC. The southern community met the Quaker antislavery stance with escalating hostility, precipitating mass migrations of Quakers to the free states of Ohio and Indiana. Label vector designed by Ibrandify - Freepik.com, https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/coffin/frontis1.html, https://www.flickr.com/photos/fhcarchives/5436563980/. Used by permission of the publisher. Quakers followed the English practice, with one exception. Notable among them are Nicholson, Albertson, White, Winslow, Newby, Toms, Bagley, Elliott, Blanchard, Nixon, Cannon and others equally as important, but the list is already too long. The English who were aware of the difference between the two calendars often double-dated documents by giving both their own and the Gregorian calendar year to avoid confusion, so that 8 11 mo. For example, one Friend asked the church for the privilege of wearing a wig, and the request was not granted; but some years later another request came up and the privilege was granted, with the advice to wear a plain one.. 1734 is probably 8 1 mo. "Faculty and Staff, New Garden Boarding School." John Culpeper, who had come to Pasquotank in 1675 from the Charlestown settlement where he had been accused of inciting the people against their government, was one of these. All rights reserved. While the Quaker communities continued to grow in North Carolina and in Isle of Wight Co., Virginia, there remained a lingering unease over the tight control of the mother country affecting both the settlers religious and economic lives. What the Quakers have been to the county and the community is best shown by stating a few facts. In the nineteenth century Friends were divided by the effect of the spiritual fervor of evangelical revivals that swept the country in the Second Great Awakening. 1730, the historical significance of the site itself goes back much further, into the earliest days of the settlement of Colonial North Carolina. As the Quakers were very careful to take their church credentials with them, it is easy to follow them from place to place as they moved. With little medical resources other than the remedies handed down from generation to generation and surrounded by accidental risks, fevers, poisonous snakes and wild animals, men and women often were suddenly widowed and left with small children to care for without a home-maker or protector-provider. All three men were trappers and hunters looking for an outpost for fur trading, and in the 1660s they built homes on the edge of the southern territory between Virginia and North Carolina. 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